The new Dysphagia Lab at Villa Beretta Rehabilitation Research Innovation opened a few days ago! Dysphagia is a very common but often underestimated disorder that has been treated at our institute for the past 25 years. A person with dysphagia is much more likely to aspirate food, which increases the risk of developing pneumonia.

The lab’s goal is to evaluate  individuals who are experiencing swallowing difficulties, both in identifying the causes and developing a nutrition plan to reduce the risk of aspiration. Dr. Maurizio Lanfranchi, a physiatrist and the head of the Dysphagia Lab, shares some insights into the work of his unit.

✔ In addition to the clinical evaluation of swallowing, we have the option to perform instrumental tests. The first of these tests is video fluoroscopy, which is considered the gold standard for determining the presence of food aspiration. It is a dynamic X-ray that examines the real-time movement of food from the mouth to the esophagus. This procedure helps us identify any pharyngeal cavities where food may become trapped. The second method is fiberoptic endoscopy, which enables direct observation of the anatomy and functionality of the pharyngeal and laryngeal regions during swallowing.

✔ Finally, the electromyography (EMG), a groundbreaking test, has recently been introduced. It involves recording the electromyographic activity of the suprahyoid muscle complex, the cricopharyngeal muscle, and the laryngopharyngeal muscle. This test is crucial for determining the validity and synchrony of the opening of the epiglottis, as well as the presence of an appropriate apnea phase during swallowing.

✔ After the evaluation, the patient undergoes a rehabilitation plan under the supervision of a multidisciplinary team. Among the many tools we use, the most innovative one is electrostimulation. This technique enables us to strengthen all the muscles involved in swallowing and also facilitates neuromodulation of the lost function.

Dr. Maurizio Lanfranchi